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Invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections have more than doubled in the past decade across parts of the US, according to a new federal study.
The report — published Monday, April 7 in JAMA and led by researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) — analyzed more than 21,000 cases of invasive GAS across 10 states from 2013 to 2022. The incidence rate rose from 3.6 to 8.2 cases per 100,000 persons, signaling a significant public health concern.
Invasive GAS infections occur when bacteria typically responsible for mild illnesses enter normally sterile areas of the body, such as the bloodstream or deep tissue. The result can be life-threatening conditions, including necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome.
While the highest rates were found in adults 65 and older, the largest relative increase occurred among those aged 18 to 64, whose rate nearly tripled — from 3.2 to 8.7 per 100,000.
Certain populations were hit especially hard. Incidence was elevated among American Indian or Alaska Native individuals, residents of long-term care facilities, people experiencing homelessness, and those who inject drugs.
The study also noted a concerning rise in antibiotic resistance. GAS isolates resistant to macrolides and clindamycin increased from 12.7 percent in 2013 to 33.1 percent in 2022—a shift that could complicate treatment efforts moving forward.
Of the 21,312 total cases recorded during the 10-year period, nearly 2,000 people died. Males accounted for the majority of infections.
Researchers emphasized the need for accelerated prevention strategies, especially for high-risk groups, as cases continue to climb.
The CDC urged health providers and public health officials to remain alert, stressing the importance of early detection and intervention.
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